Assessment

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.      Background of the Problem

Assessment is often equated and confused with evaluation, but the two concepts are different. Assessment is used to determine what a student knows or can do, while evaluation is used to determine the worth or value of a course or program. Assessment data effects student advancement, placement, and grades, as well as decisions about instructional strategies and curriculum (Herman & Knuth, 1991). Evaluations often utilize assessment data along with other resources to make decisions about revising, adopting, or rejecting a course or program.In assessment there are many kinds test but in this section will explain about norm refferencedd and criterion refferencedd.

Norm refferencedd is student achievement in comparison with other students in the group.Some teachers misunderstand norm-referenced tests, believing that these tests are instead criterion-referenced. Criterion-referenced tests are based on specific criteria that students answer either correctly or incorrectly; the number of correct or incorrect answers determines whether students pass or fail the test. Although there are some criterion-referenced achievement and language proficiency tests in use these days, most standardized tests are norm-referenced. With these tests, a particular student's score is determined through comparison with the students in the group that was used to establish the norms. Norms are based on a bell curve, which means that the same percentage of students will receive a 90th percentile score as will receive a 10th percentile score. If a norm-referenced achievement test hasn't been normed with ELLs, then ELLS will be unfairly compared to the sampling population.

Criterion-referenced test (CRT) an assesment where an individual’s performance is compared to a specific learning objective. In education, CRTs usually are made to determine whether a student has learned the material taught in a specific grade or course. An algebra CRT would include questions based on what was supposed to be taught in algebra classes. It would not include geometry questions or more advanced algebra than was in the curriculum. Most all students who took algebra could pass this test if they were taught well and they studied enough and the test was well-made.

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